July 13, 2009

Please Educate Yourself Before You Write Ignorant Blog Posts: Iraqi Minority Refugees Edition

As usual, Ann Corcoran is apoplectic over the idea that Iraqi refugees might be resettled in the United States, and she’s got some questions for the UNHCR.

Dumb questions.

After reading a news story about 186 Iranian Kurdish refugees being moved from the Iraq-Jordan border Al Waleed camp to a larger camp closer to the Syrian border, Ann’s first thought was:

Al Waleed is one of the camps we have come to know as a “Palestinian” camp with miserable living conditions (or so the refugee industry lobbyists say).   Is this the strategy, move people to miserable camps then tell the world they live in misery and need to be resettled to the West?

Why yes, Ann! It is all part of a vast conspiracy to make refugee resettlement agency employees fabulously wealthy with lavish 30k per year salaries and easy 80 hour workweeks.

Not to mention the undermining Western civilization part. Can’t forget that aspect of it. That’s my favourite part of this work, personally.

Oh, and you definitely shouldn’t trust Human Rights Watch or any other group that has visited camps like Al Waleed to see the refugees’ living conditions first-hand. No, you should trust the robust and thoughtful skepticism of far right bloggers who err on the side of all refugees being a little less than human and probably terrorists.

Incidentally, these are internally displaced people and I’m wondering if we are establishing a  pattern here—-are we going to be in the business of helping other countries sort out their minority problems by moving them to the US, as we are with the Palestinians?

Ann, Ann, Ann. Educating you grows tiresome, but here’s a little lesson in the messiness of things you so clearly do not understand.

Many refugees fall into minority group categories in their home countries. Where they aren’t national minorities, they are often numerical minorities where they used to live. Minorities of all kinds –racial, ethnic, religious, sexual– are often the first victims in internal conflicts, and they are commonly left in situations of life-threatening vulnerability and destitution even after a conflict formally ends, because many post-war power-sharing arrangements result in ethnically-based spoils systems and even legal orders that de jure disenfranchise minorities (this has certainly been the case in post-war Bosnia, for example.)

By the way, Ann, five churches were bombed in Baghdad yesterday. The attacks targeted Iraq’s dwindling minority Christian community. Religious minorities (Christians, Mandeans, Yazidis and others) have been completely driven out of many areas of Iraq and those left face constant predation.

Ann was annoyed –and confused, naturally– by this statement:

UNHCR figures published last August said Iraq had more than 42,000 non-Iraqi refugees, mainly Palestinians, Turks, and Iranians (Kurds and Arabs), and some Syrians, Sudanese and Somalis.

She wrote:

Why are all these people with different ethnic backgrounds classified as “refugees” if they are still in Iraq, surely they didn’t all just arrive there from elsewhere—who in their right mind would arrive in Iraq these days seeking asylum?

Ok, this is getting ridiculous. If you’re going to pass yourself off as some kind of contrarian expert on refugees from the Middle East, you should actually know something about the Middle East.

Iraq is not the only country the in region that has seen violent conflict and internal repression over the past few decades, nor the only one seeing those now. There are Iranian refugees (Kurds and Persians) in Iraq because they fled repression by the Iranian government. Remember (or, rather, please educate yourself about how) the historical homeland of the Kurds is divided between four countries, Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. And Kurds have been badly treated by the governments of all those states.

The Sudanese and Somalis likely ended up in Iraq because they were trying to get somewhere else and got stuck, or decided to apply for refugee status with the first UNHCR office they came across, rather than risking a longer and more perilous journey to Europe.

Please don’t tell me we (with our buddies in the UN) are helping Iraq get rid of minorities—helping it toward ethnic and religious purity of sorts?

Of course not. The UN would like Iraqi minorities to stay where they are, but right now, for far too many, that’s not safe, and because the UN cannot provide security for these people, the next best thing (or least worst thing) is to provide them with another alternative in the form of assistance in refugee and IDP camps, and, for those who cannot reasonably be expected to ever go home again, permanent resettlement in a third country.

July 9, 2009

A little human compassion

The bloggers at Democracy Arsenal have it, while those at Refugee Resettlement Watch (and, by extension, the anti-immigrant ranters at the Center for Immigration Studies they so like to quote) do not.

Contrast these two posts on the resettlement of 1350 Iraqi Palestinians in the United States. The first, from RRW:

It really is no surprise to hear, we have reported on many occasions* about the lobbying/public relations effort that groups like Refugees International have been waging ,  that it has been confirmed by the US State Department—-Palestinians, who were in Iraq at Saddam Hussein’s invitation, would be coming to the US.   About ten days ago we speculated that this might be in the works, here.

From the Christian Science Monitor (hat tip: three of our readers!):

Atlanta – The State Department confirmed today that as many as 1,350 Iraqi Palestinians – once the well-treated guests of Saddam Hussein and now at outs with much of Iraqi society – will be resettled in the US, mostly in southern California, starting this fall.

It will be the largest-ever resettlement of Palestinian refugees into the US – and welcome news to the Palestinians who fled to Iraq after 1948 but who have had a tough time since Mr. Hussein was deposed in 2003. Targeted by Iraqi Shiites, the mostly-Sunni Palestinians have spent recent years in one of the region’s roughest refugee camps, Al Waleed, near Iraq’s border with Syria.

“Really for the first time, the United States is recognizing a Palestinian refugee population that could be admitted to the US as part of a resettlement program,” says Bill Frelick, refugee policy director at Human Rights Watch in Washington.

Given the US’s past reluctance to resettle Palestinians – it accepted just seven Palestinians in 2007 and nine in 2008 – the effort could ruffle some diplomatic feathers.

I must say, if the State Department is sending them to California, they must be in on bringing down the economy of arguably the most financially-beleaguered state in the US.   Maybe the Obama/Clinton State Department is following the Cloward-Piven principle on how one brings down a government by overwhelming the welfare system!  (To learn more about the Cloward-Piven strategy start with Judy’s post, here. To those of us who cannot understand the idiocy of  the Left’s drive to import more poverty, it is the explanation!)

Mark Krikorian at the Center for Immigration Studies charged that the State Department is dropping off its problems in a town near you, and not necessarily a California town.

But some critics say the State Department is sloughing off its problems onto American cities, especially since in this case the Palestinians were sympathizers of Hussein, who was deposed by the US.

“This is politically a real hot potato,” says Mark Krikorian, director of the conservative Center for Immigration Studies in Washington, adding, “[A]merica has become a dumping ground for the State Department’s problems – they’re tossing their problems over their head into Harrisburg, Pa., or Omaha, Neb.”

To further illuminate Mr. Krikorian’s point, why didn’t the UNHCR and the US State Department put pressure on rich Arab countries like Saudi Arabia to take their Muslim brethren?  To their credit these camp-dwelling Palestinians caught at the Iraq-Syria border themselves called their co-religionists in Arab-run countries hypocrites for not taking them in—where is the much ballyhooed Muslim charity?  We know why they don’t take them—Islamists must keep the refugee thorn in the side of the Israeli government.  They must keep the hate going.

And, by the way, these Palestinians will come to the US in the Iraqi refugee quota, so besides residents of the resettlement cities not really knowing who their neighbors are, presumably they will take 1350 places from possibly Christian or other minority refugees from Iraq.   I hope the State Department at least takes care not to resettle them in the midst of Shia Muslims in your town, thus bringing the problems of the Middle East closer to home.

Here’s the reality: Sunni and Shia refugees from the Middle East and elsewhere are resettled side by side in the United States all the time, including in my city, without any problems. In fact, refugees of the same nationality often go out of their way to help each other through the resettlement process regardless of religion. Remember: refugees are not the people taking part in sectarian violence, they are the people fleeing it.  What part of that is so difficult for Ann Corcoran and company to understand?

Now, Democracy Arsenal’s reality check:

Mark Krikorian at The Corner expressed dismay at the State Department announcement that around 1,350 Iraqi Palestinian refugees, whom he delicately characterized as “Saddam’s BFF’s”, will be resettled in the U.S.

According to Refugees International and Amnesty International, the small Palestinian community in Iraq dates to the founding of Israel. Beginning in 1948, Palestinians driven from their homes found sanctuary in Baghdad. The community grew in 1991 when Palestinians were expelled from Kuwait after the Gulf War. After the U.S. invasion in 2003, the Iraqi Palestinians became the targets of arbitrary arrest and detention, torture, rape, and killings. Many tried to flee, but were denied entry by Syria, Jordan and other Arab nations. Over fifteen-hundred Palestinians now live in the al-Tanf and al-Waleed camps along the border with Syria, whose living conditions Amnesty International characterized as “appalling.” Human Rights Watch refugee policy director Bill Frelick, who has visited a camp outside Jordan, says that the Iraqi Palestinians are “apolitical,” and “basically desperate, scared, miserable and ready to just get out of Iraq.”

These people are not “Saddam’s BFF’s.” Their parents and grandparents resettled in Baghdad because it was the only place available to them when their own homes were destroyed. Now, they are forced to leave Iraq because of more violence, and Arab nations are still refusing them. The U.S.-led war in Iraq disproportionately exposed Iraqi Palestinians to violence, torture, and murder. While know-nothings like Krikorian may think that all Palestinians present terrorist threats, the rest of us should recognize that the U.S. has a responsibility to ensure that the people driven out by our war have the opportunity to resettle somewhere stable and begin a new life. Iceland, Sweden and Canada have already accepted several hundred Iraqi Palestinians. It is time for the U.S. to step up.

Agreed. The decision to resettle the Iraqi Palestinians is a humane and welcome one.

July 9, 2009

“In 2006, Burmese soldiers burned down my village”

Forty-three thousand refugees, most of them from the Karen ethnic minority, live in the Mae La refugee camp along the Thailand-Burma border. Through the Unseen Mae La photography project, some Mae La residents were given the opportunity to document their lives in the camp and tell their stories of survival and strength.

2006 Mae La arrival Eh Doe Soe describes how she ended up in the camp.

I am from a large village of over 800 people. We used to have wonderful concerts. We would build a stage in the center of the village and many people would sing. I sang religious and love songs. Many people would come to watch us perform.

In 2006, Burmese soldiers burned down my village. We fled into the jungle. Some people eventually went back to rebuild their homes but my family was too afraid. My parents moved to a new village and I came to the refugee camp. I still sing.

Here is one of Eh Doe Soe’s striking images from the project:

Eh Doe Soe writes: "We are only given a permit to leave the refugee camp under special circumstances. We have to receive permission from our community leaders and from the Thai authorities. Most of the things we need like schools, churches, hospitals, gardens and stores are inside the refugee camp."

Eh Doe Soe writes: "We are only given a permit to leave the refugee camp under special circumstances. We have to receive permission from our community leaders and from the Thai authorities. Most of the things we need like schools, churches, hospitals, gardens and stores are inside the refugee camp."

It’s important to remember what refugees face before resettlement. Thank you, Eh Doe Soe, for sharing your story and your art.

June 25, 2009

How I Became A Refugee: An Iraqi Journalist’s Story

The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) is a human rights organization that advocates on behalf of and provides direct assistance to threatened journalists and other media workers worldwide.

When necessary, CPJ lobbies governments or international agencies to help secure refugee or asylum status for journalists and provides logistical support to journalists when they resettle in exile. We also refer journalists to resources, including information on grants, fellowships, and awards.

CPJ runs a great blog about press freedom and violence against media workers. Featured on the CPJ blog now are entries by Iraqi journalist and refugee Mudhafar al-Husseini, who explains explains how he became a refugee and what his life has been like since he was resettled in the United States. The whole series is worth reading, but this paragraph really jarred me:

It was there [in Atlanta] that I learned my first lesson in America: how to fasten a seatbelt while you’re a passenger in a car. This is something we don’t ever do in Iraq. People sometimes say in Iraq that this seatbelt, which was designed for your safety, might kill you because you may get trapped inside your car during an explosion. I don’t blame them because I witnessed many people who had been burned alive inside their vehicles in explosions in Baghdad; as a journalist, a big part of my job was to cover bombings.

And this cracked me up:

When I was told in Baghdad that I was approved to go to America and specifically to Tucson, I quietly sneaked onto one of the computers in the Times newsroom to Google this city that I’d never heard of before. The first thing I saw was the saguaro cactus, which I had seen only in movies or cartoons. I was surprised when I saw them standing outside the airport as if they were petrified humans–giant green forms with arms that seemed to beckon. “Can this be real?” I said to myself, as I examined the cactus and thought of the ones in the cartoons. It was one of the funniest moments I’d had in a long time.

From my first minutes there, I felt a familiarity in Tucson. It almost looked like Baghdad. The direct heat of the sun reminds me of my last days in Baghdad; summer is the only distinguished season in Baghdad. It lasts for eight months and the rest of the year is divided among the rest of the seasons.

Too often, even those of us who care deeply about refugees write about them in abstract, dehumanizing terms, as if they are a faceless mass of need and desperation, rather than individuals with histories, quirks, worries, and desires — real people who’ve shown great courage and resourcefulness in the face of mortal danger. Blogs like al-Husseini’s are important, because they provide a reminder that “there but for good fortune go I.”

June 24, 2009

Tweeting the new IRC report – “Iraqi Refugees in the United States: In Dire Straits”

I’ll be tweeting the report –a little experiment. Tweets will be posted here when I’m done.

UPDATE:  Here are the tweets. Read from the bottom up.

@RefugeeRR

  1. END OF TWEETING. (Report here: http://bit.ly/gEQoIhalf a minute) ago from web

  2. I recommend everyone read the report. Appendix D is stories of resettled Iraqis in the US.1 minute ago from web

  3. Returns to Iraq and slow, small numbers.3 minutes ago from web

  4. They cannot legally work in their country of asylum and r vulnerable to exploitation. (No mention of sex trafficking, but it’s a problem.)3 minutes ago from web

  5. Most refugees in neighboring states do not make enough money to meet all their basic needs. They depend on charity to make ends meet.5 minutes ago from web

  6. Although security inside Iraq has improved, many Iraqis remain exposed to unacceptable levels of violence and predation.5 minutes ago from web

  7. Iraqi refugees in neighboring countries do not have the right to work and are subject to being exploited.6 minutes ago from web

  8. IDPs in Iraq do not enjoy full freedom of movement and can be forcibly expelled from their temporary accommodations.6 minutes ago from web

  9. FROM APPENDIX B: Refugee situations in Syria and Jordan have stabilized a little over past year.6 minutes ago from web

  10. When asked, most said they would still have elected to resettle in the US, even with the challenges they now face. (IMPORTANT POINT!)8 minutes ago from web

  11. At the same time refugees are grateful for the physical security that they and their children now enjoy.9 minutes ago from web

  12. “…most who were interviewed painted a picture of despair and frustration.”9 minutes ago from web

  13. FROM THE CONCLUSION: “While we found a few notable and positive examples of refugee employment and successful adaptation…”9 minutes ago from web

  14. - Temporary relaxation of housing guidelines to allow resettlement agencies to place refugees in more affordable housing. (Not sure here…)10 minutes ago from web

  15. - Suspend the practice of reporting to credit bureaus delinquencies in the repayment of refugee travel loans. (YES!)11 minutes ago from web

  16. - Payment requirements for refugee travel loans should be temporarily suspended.12 minutes ago from web

  17. - Make sure programming targets the most vulnerable refugees – women, children, the elderly, those suffering from trauma, illness or injury12 minutes ago from web

  18. - Make the process of deciding where in the US refugees are sent more flexible.13 minutes ago from web

  19. -Improve pre and post arrival orientations.14 minutes ago from web

  20. Doing this will help resettlement agencies better prepare for arrivals15 minutes ago from web

  21. …or WRAPS, a database system that tracks refugee processing.16 minutes ago from web

  22. -Resettlement agencies should be given fuller access to the Worldwide Refugee Admissions Processing System…16 minutes ago from web

  23. - Keep families together. Don’t needlessly delay the resettlement of men from Iraq.16 minutes ago from web

  24. PROGRAM AND ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUSTMENTS:17 minutes ago from web

  25. - Invest in psychosocial services for newly arrived refugees.about 1 hour ago from web

  26. - Fund recertification so refugee professionals can find jobs in their fields.about 1 hour ago from web

  27. - Cash assistance not enough, or standard. Find a better way.about 1 hour ago from web

  28. - Matching Grant should be open to all refugees, not just the 30% of eligible refugees with access currently.about 1 hour ago from web

  29. - Obama asked for $741 mil for ORR, but ORR will need $949 mil in FY 2010 to provide for refugees.about 1 hour ago from web

  30. -The Office of Refugee Resettlement in HHS should move quickly to reprogram any unobligated $ to immediate needs such as housing assistance.about 1 hour ago from web

  31. - in FY 2010, increase R&P grant to $1800 per refugee.about 1 hour ago from web

  32. - Increase R&P grant from $900 per refugee to $1100.about 1 hour ago from web

  33. - Congress should provide $97 million more in FY to meet basic needs of vulnerable refugees.about 1 hour ago from web

  34. @theIRC checklist of specific recommendations. Here we go….about 1 hour ago from web

  35. The current system, based on early employment, lacks flexibility, compassion and STRATEGY. Let’s find out what works and what doesn’t.about 1 hour ago from web

  36. The US resettlement program has not been thoroughly examined since its creation in 1980. Now a re-examination is critical.about 1 hour ago from web

  37. 5) Studyabout 1 hour ago from web

  38. Pre-departure briefings for refugees need to reflect the reality of life in the US, not common misconceptions about ease of life here.about 1 hour ago from web

  39. 4) Prepare Refugees Better For Resettlementabout 1 hour ago from web

  40. Funding is needed for professional recertification. Many refugees -especially Iraqis- will be able to contribute more in their own fields.about 1 hour ago from web

  41. Refugees are resettled with different backgrounds, education levels, and physical and mental health needs. Services should reflect this.about 1 hour ago from web

  42. 3) Make Resettlement More Flexible.about 1 hour ago from web

  43. Refugees resettled in one state should not receive vastly different levels of support/services.about 1 hour ago from web

  44. 2) Standardize Resettlement Benefits Nationally.about 1 hour ago from web

  45. …and extend the time frame during which refugees are eligible for services.about 1 hour ago from web

  46. 1) Increase Federal Funding: Congress should appropriate more funds for the refugee resettlement program…about 1 hour ago from web

  47. RECOMMENDATIONS:about 1 hour ago from web

  48. Short window of medical coverage forces doctors to treat Iraqi patients faster than they otherwise would and is medically best.about 2 hours ago from web

  49. …or they can receive federally funded Refugee Medical Assistance for a maximum of eight months. After that, they’re on their own.about 2 hours ago from web

  50. They can access Medicaid if hey qualify under the individual eligibility guidelines of the state in which they reside….about 2 hours ago from web

  51. Refugees can qualify to receive one of two kinds of medical assistance.about 2 hours ago from web

  52. Unstable living situations + uncertainty abt the future cause highly traumatized Iraqi refugees 2 experience additional psychological traumaabout 2 hours ago from web

  53. Compared to other refugee groups, Iraqis arrive in the United States with higher degrees of emotional trauma and in poorer shape overall.about 2 hours ago from web

  54. One Iraqi widow facing eviction jokes that she will sleep in the IRC office.about 2 hours ago from web

  55. In Phoenix, AZ, the waiting list for subsidized housing is two years and homeless shelters are at capacity.about 2 hours ago from web

  56. Iraqi war widows and single mothers struggle in the US, even when they find employment. Subsidized childcare is scarce, only during daytime.about 2 hours ago from web

  57. Highly educated refugees have higher expectations when it comes to employment. Many believed they would find professional jobs easily in US.about 2 hours ago from web

  58. Each employment specialist is currently trying to help more than 200 refugees find work.about 2 hours ago from web

  59. Delayed employment also increases the workload of each IRC caseworker and employment specialist.about 2 hours ago from web

  60. Reid worked for the IRC in Darfur, Sudan but says working in resettlement at this time is more difficult (!)about 2 hours ago from web

  61. Thus far she has managed to keep all refugees in their homes, but the list is growing and the sense of urgency is mounting.about 2 hours ago from web

  62. Kate Reid, Phoenix resettlement program manager keeps list of refugees w/ eviction notices and calls landlords to ask 4 more time 2 raise $about 2 hours ago from web

  63. These funds are supplemented by resources raised by the resettlement agencies. However, funding for the program is limited. Only 30% get it.about 2 hours ago from web

  64. …and employment services 2 support refugees’ job search.Refugees who enter the program do not access other forms of state assistance.about 2 hours ago from web

  65. This program is an alternative to public assistance. It provides up to four months of financial assistance..about 2 hours ago from web

  66. …funded by the Office of Refugee Resettlement in the Department of Health and Human Services.about 2 hours ago from web

  67. Some refugees qualify for the Voluntary Agency Matching Grant program…about 2 hours ago from web

  68. $900 “R&P” grant must cover rent, security deposits, utilities, food, etc for 30 days –as well as all resettlement agency services.about 2 hours ago from web

  69. Federal resettlement grants through the Reception and Placement Program are just $900 per refugee.about 2 hours ago from web

  70. Average state assistance to refugee family of 4 across IRC offices nationwide is $575 per month, but can be as low as $309 per month.about 2 hours ago from web

  71. While most refugees receive some support in the form of cash and medical, this is often not enough to cover basics.about 2 hours ago from web

  72. Early self-sufficiency is becoming less and less possible in economic downturn. This is hitting the resettlement program and refugees hard.about 2 hours ago from web

  73. The US resettlement program is currently premised on refugees being able to self-support shortly after arrival.about 2 hours ago from web

  74. IRC delegation: refugees we met in Atlanta and Phoenix want to work. They do not want to rely on state assistance.about 2 hours ago from web

  75. Highly prevalent trauma exacerbated by inability to meet basic needs of children and overall uncertainty about the future.about 2 hours ago from web

  76. Many refugees haven’t been able to make rent for months and are now receiving eviction notices.about 2 hours ago from web

  77. “Without jobs, many Iraqis have exhausted resources available from the IRC and other sources and are at risk of becoming homeless.”about 2 hours ago from web

  78. Many Iraqis cannot obtain employment. Historically, 80 percent of refugees resettled by the IRC were employed within first few months.about 2 hours ago from web

  79. “In both Atlanta and Phoenix, refugees, service providers and other stakeholders outlined similar challenges:”about 2 hours ago from web

  80. IRC offices in report: Atlanta and Phoenix, both large resettlement field offices. Phoenix expects to resettle 950 refugees this year.about 2 hours ago from web

  81. Refugee Crisis in Iraq Act, championed by Sen. Kennedy and passed in 2008, increased numbers of Iraqis resettled dramatically.about 2 hours ago from web

  82. In FY 2008, the US resettled just over 60k refugees. Iraqis, Burmese, and Bhutanese are primary groups being resettled.about 2 hours ago from web

  83. Many other resettled Iraqis are professionals who hope to find work in their professions in the US, but can’t.about 2 hours ago from web

  84. “A large number of resettled Iraqis are also widows, most with young children, who arrive here grieving and alone.”about 2 hours ago from web

  85. High levels of trauma, injury and illness among Iraqi refugees make integration in the US difficult.about 2 hours ago from web

  86. IRC delegation met w/ Iraqi refugees, healthcare providers, educators, and IRC US program staff in 2009 about resettlement.about 2 hours ago from web

  87. IRC members traveled to Jordan and Syria, met w/ various actors, including aid agencies.about 2 hours ago from web

  88. In Feb 2008, @theIRC formed a commission on Iraqi refugees.about 2 hours ago from web

  89. US taking more Iraqi refugees now than before. 17,000 Iraqis resettled in US during FY 2009, up from just 202 (!) in 2006.about 2 hours ago from web

  90. Return home or integration in country of asylum not options for thousands of Iraqi refugees.about 2 hours ago from web

  91. War in Iraq has displaced millions of Iraqis to neighboring countries. Many have already spent years displaced to Jordan and Syria.about 2 hours ago from web
  • New IRC report “Iraqi Refugees in the United States: In Dire Straits” http://bit.ly/19Fld3about 2 hours ago from web
  • June 19, 2009

    Volunteer hours, faith-based resettlement, and refugee housing

    In one of her recent posts, Refugee Resettlement Watch blogger Ann Corcoran praised the organization Christian Freedom International (CFI) for exemplifying what she believes is a better model for refugee resettlement than the current public-private partnership –that of entirely private, faith-based resettlement.

    From time to time people ask me if there is any group resettling refugees without getting paid by the US taxpayer for their “charitable” work.   Well, yes, here is one, Christian Freedom International— CFI not only helps refugees in camps in Thailand but puts its prayers, volunteers and private money to work helping refugees resettle and assimilate to a life in America.

    Corcoran’s post is highly problematic, but it gives me the opportunity to address some of the longstanding misconceptions Corcoran and others have –and, lamentably, perpetuate—about the U.S. Refugee Resettlement Program as a public-private partnership.

    In this response, I will address two issues: 1) the question of volunteers in refugee resettlement, and 2) the question of faith-based resettlement and the necessity of the public part of the public-private partnership, and, finally, 3) the issue of resettlement housing.

    Volunteers, volunteer hours, and the Matching Grant Program

    In her post, Corcoran quoted from a CFI press release concerning the services that organization is providing to resettled Karen refugees in Sault St. Marie, Michigan.  According to the press release, CFI volunteers are providing mentorship and English classes to new refugees and refurbishing an old motel to house Karen refugees previously resettled by one of the organizations federally contracted to provide services to refugees through the Reception and Placement Program.

    Corcoran places special emphasis on the private nature of CFI’s work and what she implies are more altruistic motivations on the part of CFI volunteers in contrast to volunteers from the ten voluntary agencies contracted to resettle refugees in the United States.

    Volunteers are volunteers, the old fashioned type.  There is no logging “volunteer” hours to be turned into the federal government for cold hard cash from the Match Grant Program.

    The use of quotation marks around “volunteer” connotes at best skepticism about the motives of non-CFI volunteers, and, at worst and most likely given Corcoran’s previous writings on the subject, a rejection that these volunteers are, in fact, volunteers at all.

    Corcoran mentions the Matching Grant Program, through which resettlement agencies receive federal funding (to assist refugees in their job searches for up to four months) that must be matched in monetary value by in-kind goods and services obtained locally by the resettlement agency.  In many resettlement field offices, the calculations are done something like this: values are assigned to general volunteer hours according to the scale from IndependentSector.org; pro bono work by legal professionals is valued at what those professionals charge paying clients for equivalent work; and in-kind goods, usually household items, are usually assigned the value of equivalent items for sale on a given day through the Craiglist page of the municipality or region a resettlement agency serves. The close tracking and tabulation of volunteer hours and donations inventory is essential to the public-private partnership model.

    Volunteers are still volunteers when their hours are tracked and assigned a monetary value. Volunteers are not paid. And only in exceptional circumstances are they reimbursed for any expenditure they make in the course of their service.

    One such exceptional circumstance is that of a special category of volunteers: unpaid full-time staff (interns and other unpaid positions with staff responsibility). It is not uncommon for unpaid full-time resettlement workers to be reimbursed for the cost of travel taken in the course of their daily work, which often includes long drives to and from airports to pick up arriving refugees. In rare cases, head office interns (usually based in New York or Washington, D.C.) are reimbursed for the cost of their travel to and from work five days a week and given a small stipend to help cover the cost of on-the-job meals. Reimbursing interns and other full-time unpaid staff costs resettlement agencies little and allows head offices and field offices to select the best interns and unpaid staffmembers from qualified talent pools.

    Even so, not all interns are reimbursed for the aforementioned expenses. I never was.

    To reiterate: volunteers aren’t paid. The vast majority of all volunteers are community members from a wide variety of backgrounds who donate their free time and used household goods on an ad hoc basis. Though interns and unpaid staff are technically volunteers, they are a special subset because they are selected by the resettlement agency for their technical expertise or interest (they are typically university students of social work, international relations, law and human rights), work full-time or almost full-time directly alongside paid staff and are assigned to specific programs or tasks for a defined period of time ranging from one month to a year or more. Interns and other unpaid staff are sometimes reimbursed for travel costs incurred in the course of their work, but receive neither hourly wages nor salary.

    A brief word about Americorps: Some resettlement offices employ university-educated Americorps volunteers as program assistants or even program coordinators. Americorps is, for the purposes of this discussion, best understood as a kind of domestic Peace Corps, wherein volunteers dedicate a year of their time and are provided with a small stipend to cover living expenses. Typically, Americorps volunteers (at resettlement agencies and elsewhere) are provided with less than $1500 per month to live on while they work forty hours or more in their assigned positions. In practice, Americorps volunteers at resettlement agencies are more like salaried staff than volunteers and should thus be left out of discussions addressing specifically resettlement agency volunteers. Finally, the finances and ethics of the Americorps program, which provides non-governmental organizations throughout the United States with highly-skilled full-time employees at an extremely low cost, are best left for another time and another post.

    Faith-Based Resettlement and the Public-Private Partnership

    Corcoran lauds CFI for providing services to Karen refugees from Burma resettled in the United States. Undoubtedly, CFI does good work with the Karen refugee community. It is not, however, an example of a good or viable alternative resettlement model to the existing one.

    First, CFI very explicitly provides services only to Christian refugees. No CFI programs in the United States of abroad serve or are open to non-Christian refugees. This is even more regrettable because CFI works in the refugee camps along the Thailand-Burma border, where refugees of different religions, including Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam, live together, experience the same human rights violations and deprivations, and are often designated for third-country resettlement in the same locations.  By choosing beneficiaries based on religion, instead of any objective criteria, CFI deviates from a basic good practice of most humanitarian aid agencies –including most aid agencies with a religious affiliation.

    Moreover, by targeting only Christians for services in highly mixed areas, I worry that CFI may be sowing seeds of antipathy between Christian and non-Christian refugees and reinforcing any existing divisions within the highly mixed populations of the border camps and refugee neighborhoods in towns and cities across the United States.

    When CFI singles out Karen for its programs, what do other refugees resettled from Burma –from the same refugee camps– think? For many refugees, it’s difficult to distinguish between the government, federal contractors, and private individuals and organization that become involved in resettlement. Often, refugees conflate all of these, which is understandable –resettlement is a very complicated and collaborative process—but can present problems.  It is entirely possible (I would even posit likely) that CFI is giving the impression that the U.S. Government and the resettlement agencies have a policy of providing more extensive services to Christian refugees than to non-Christian refugees, especially as it appears, from the CFI press release and website, that CFI is actually running parallel programs and services to those provided by the federally contracted resettlement agencies.

    The U.S. Refugee Resettlement Program needs to be reformed and better resourced. Increasing the involvement of groups that provide services on the basis of religion is not a solution to the underfunding crisis in resettlement offices. Advocating for this is counterproductive.

    Of the ten agencies federally contracted to provide resettlement services (CFI is not one, by the way), only three –the International Rescue Committee, the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, and the Iowa Department of Health and Human Services—are entirely secular. Of the other seven, six are affiliated with Christian denominations and one, the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS), with the Jewish community. True to both the spirit of humanitarianism and the terms of their federal contracts, these agencies provide services to all refugees regardless of faith, and their employees do not proselytize.

    In previous posts, Corcoran and her Refugee Resettlement Watch co-blogger Judy Warner have stated their desire for resettlement in the United States to be run entirely through the private sector, preferably with churches and other religious and institutions taking responsibility for individual refugee families.

    Truly private resettlement is not only undesirable, but also impossible in a practice. Refugee resettlement is a complex international undertaking facilitated by a network of international organizations (such as the UNHCR and ICRC), private non-governmental humanitarian organizations (such as the IRC) and governmental agencies (the State Department, Department or Homeland Security and their counterparts in other countries.) It takes all of these organizations working in cooperation to protect and provide for, interview and process, and resettle hundreds of thousands of people worldwide annually, including the 60,000-70,000 resettled in the United States.

    Resettlement is a crosscutting, multi-disciplinary process. I often described working in resettlement as standing at the intersection of social work, international humanitarian law, national immigration policy and human rights protection. It is all of these things and more, and it requires collaboration beyond the capabilities of the private sector.

    If refugee resettlement in the United States were entirely private and faith-based after the point at which refugees are admitted into the U.S., this would almost certainly disadvantage certain categories of refugees. Most churches and religious organizations have historically preferred to assist families, even though many refugees are resettled as single individuals. Churches also prefer Christian refugees, while half the refugees resettled in the United States are non-Christian. If all resettlement was private and faith-based, not all of it would look like CFI, but I’m afraid too much of it would.

    Resettlement and Refugee Housing

    Resettlement agencies receive only $900 for the initial resettlement of each refugee. That must then cover all staff costs, rent for the first month, food until the refugee can access food stamps and other benefits, furnishings, toiletries and any incidental items. Resettlement offices are supposed to procure donations to fill gaps, but their capacity to do so varies widely by location and size. Most resettlement field offices are located in poorer cities. The logic is that these are low-rent areas, where refugees living on minimum wage or public assistance can make decent lives for themselves.

    You cannot place refugees in apartments so expensive they will not be able to stay in them, and resettlement agencies cannot pay refugees’ rent for more than a few months at current funding levels. So, resettlement workers do their utmost to see that refugees get clean, safe apartments they can also afford to stay in. The typical apartment a refugee is placed in is basic, but no worse than grad student and young professional housing in most American cities.

    Moreover, resettlement workers never place refugees in apartments that are not in compliance with housing codes, and many resettlement field offices educate refugees about their right to safe and dignified housing. The resettlement field office I was with last year ran housing rights workshops for recently resettled refugees. At these workshops, refugees learned about how to defend their rights, how to deal with difficult landlords, and how to seek outside assistance for housing-related problems.

    Refugees and resettlement agency employees often live in the same neighborhoods, even the same buildings. A family of refugee clients lived directly across the street from my old apartment, and many refugee families live just a few blocks from where I live now.

    Bottom line: resettlement agency employees do everything they possibly can to give refugees a safe, dignified start in the United States. Many spend money out-of-pocket to do extra things. Resettlement agency employees are, on average, paid very modest salaries –usually less than 30k per year. They are also young, often recent college graduates.  No one works in refugee resettlement for money, or glory, or ease of working conditions. It is grueling work, requiring long hours, physical stamina, intercultural communication skills, legal savvy, and deep reserves of empathy.

    I’ve never met a resettlement agency employee who did not think that the entire system needs to be overhauled. Resettlement workers, the people on the ground, working day in and day out within the system have plenty of ideas for how to reform it in ways that will benefit the people all of this is about –refugees. That is why I started this blog; I wanted to get my own reform ideas out in the public domain and inspire others to share theirs.

    (That Humanitarian Relief post on reform is still in the works. When I want a blog post to be perfect, it takes me a long time to write.)

    June 11, 2009

    Change.org Stop Genocide Blogger Michelle Spotlights Resettlement Of Darfuris

    Michelle, the primary author of the Change.org blog Stop Genocide has a wonderful post up titled “From Darfur to Texas” about her recent visit with Darfuri refugees resettled in Texas.

    Touching on resettlement itself, Michelle writes:

    People often ask me for ideas on “what they can do” to contribute to the fight against genocide/mass atrocity/conflict/allthingsbad. Look around you: The links between you, your community, and war may not be as far off as they seem. Imagine what it would be like to flee an attack on your hometown, with your children on your back, live for years on just-above-the-threshold-for-survival rations, and then try to make sense of a life in a new country with a new language, new customs, and a way of life so far removed from everything you find familiar. Who is living right next to you, who might appreciate your support?

    Individuals like @goldlis and @goldmeg, along with their family, contribute substantial amounts of their time, out of compassion, to helping Darfuris settle into their new lives in the United States. Refugee support services are scant — and the efforts of volunteers go a long, long way.

    You can read the rest here.

    Also, see the Practical Ways to Help page for an incomplete list of things you can do in your community to help refugees settle into their news lives in the United States and heal from past trauma.

    Thanks for spotlighting refugee resettlement, Michelle!

    June 10, 2009

    As World Refugee Day is fast approaching, I have little time for blogging. That post on Humanitarian Relief is still in the works, but needs editing love and care I can’t provide at the moment. In the mean time, go check out this lovely photo series over the IRC blog chronicling the resettlement of a family of Bhutanese refugees in New York.

    June 6, 2009

    Mrs. Goundo’s Daughter

    If you’re in NYC on June 21st, go see Mrs. Goundo’s Daughter, a documentary about a young Malian woman seeking asylum for her daughter and herself in the United States. Mrs. Goundo doesn’t want her youngest daughter to face female genital cutting, an ancient practice in Mali that nine out of every ten girls undergo in its most extreme form, infibulation, which involves the removal of all external genitalia. According to the official website for the film:

    To stay in the U.S., Mrs. Goundo must persuade an immigration judge that her two-year old daughter Djenebou, born in the U.S., will almost certainly suffer clitoral excision if Goundo is deported. In Mali, where more than 91% of women and girls are excised, Mrs. Goundo and her husband are convinced they would be powerless to protect their daughter from her well-intentioned grandparents, who believe all girls should be excised.

    Where and when to see the film:

    Location: Film Society of Lincoln Center, Walter Reade Theater

    Time: 7:00PM Sunday, June 21st

    You can buy tickets to this and other films showing at the Human Rights Watch 20th International Film Festival online here.
    HRWIFF

    June 3, 2009

    Ann Corcoran’s outrageous smear against tragedy-struck Binghamton organizations

    I was jaw-on-the-floor outraged by this recent post by Ann Corcoran at  the anti-refugee blog Refugee Resettlement Watch (emphasis mine):

    Remember that shooting rampage back in April when an angry refugee went on a killing spree in Rochester, NY.   It is hard to remember isn’t it?  That is  because there has been virtual silence on the story for the last two months, until now.  Seems big bucks are flowing into local charities, but the question is, are big bucks flowing back out to the needy?

    Tragedy has spurred an unprecedented amount of giving.

    Donations to local charities have now exceeded $250,000 for victims of the April 3 mass shooting at the American Civic Association in Binghamton. Thirteen people – 11 immigrants taking an English class, their teacher and a caseworker – were massacred. The shooter, Jiverly A. Wong, 41, also wounded four others before turning one of his two handguns on himself.

    So far, the lion’s share of money – about $200,000 – has been donated to Catholic Charities of Broome County.

    But, get this!  Only 1/8th of the $200,000 has gone to help families of the victims.

    So far, Catholic Charities has paid out about $25,000 of the amount donated. The money has gone to pay for food and local transportation costs for families of the victims.

    It’s not just the Catholics who benefited, so too did the Broome County Council of Churches.

    The Broome County Council of Churches has received about $50,000 in donations since the shooting, said the Rev. Joseph Sellepack, the council’s executive director.

    So far, about $26,000 of that amount has gone toward transportation costs. Volunteers from the council drove family members of victims to and from JFK International Airport in Queens. Many of those family members live overseas.

    If you are saying, well at least they spent half of their windfall on victims’ relatives, read this again more carefully.   If “volunteers” drove family members of victims to and from the airport, then why was there an expense of $26,000 for “transportation costs.”    Actually we have learned in the last two years of tracking refugee issues that true volunteers are rare in this refugee business—everyone wants to be paid!

    Then this adds insult to injury.   The taxpayer, you and me, are also footing the bill for the killing spree. Government agencies have kicked in a chunk of change as well.  The do-gooders bring crazy people to the US and we foot the bill.

    Many costs associated with the tragedy have been met with federal and state funds. The U.S. Department of Justice’s Office of Victims of Crime has paid airfare for family members coming from China, Brazil, Vietnam and other countries.

    The state Crime Victims Board is handling compensation claims for funeral and medical expenses, as well as compensation for lost wages and counseling services.

    Read the whole article, there is lots more interesting information in it including reference to family members who came for the funeral and are staying on in the US.

    Hey, Catholic Charities and other beneficiaries of tragedy, how about if you help the victims’ families directly with your windfall.  You know, set up a scholarship for the kids or something instead of expanding your bureaucractic fiefdoms.

    Here’s a summarized list of Corcoran’s claims, which are a mixture of intellectual dishonesty and gob-smacking insensitivity:

    - Organizations that received donations from the community after their staff and beneficiaries were killed “benefited” from the shooting, and there is something unseemly about donating to a civic-humanitarian organization in the wake of a major community tragedy.

    - Because 1/8 of the total amount of money donated in the wake of the shooting has gone to families of the victims in the two months since the shooting, that is proof that the other 7/8 will be used to enrich greedy resettlement agency employees.

    - Volunteers drove victims’ families to the airport, which is clear proof that the NGOs are lying about spending $26,000 on transportation costs –nevermind that it’s unlikely that volunteers drove every single family member of every single victim everywhere they needed to go, and family members almost certainly had additional transportation costs not covered by the Crime Victims Board or not covered quickly enough.

    - Reimbursing volunteers for anything is not only wrong, but evidence that no one really cares about refugees and phony volunteerism is a highly lucrative growth industry.

    - The U.S. Government should not compensate crime victims.

    Keep that in mind when you read the following paragraph from the very same Binghamton Pressconnects article Corcoran quotes from in her shameful attempt to smear organizations still reeling for the loss of so many lives.

    The state Crime Victims Board is handling compensation claims for funeral and medical expenses, as well as compensation for lost wages and counseling services.The money raised locally is filling in the gaps, officials said. Money is not being spent on administrative costs.

    It’s absolutely repugnant that someone would attempt to portray the murders of 13 innocent people as some kind of boon to the organizations that employed and assisted the victims.

    Finally, I should add that, contrary to what Corcoran implies, a trust fund for victims’ children has indeed been set up, something Corcoran surely already knew when she wrote her post.

    (I have a long post on the resettlement crisis in the works. In a few days, it will be up at Humanitarian Relief.)

    May 28, 2009

    About Those Refugees In Malta: A Response to Refugee Resettlement Watch

    Previously, I wrote that I would respond to anti-refugee bloggers and why. This is the first response post.

    In a post offensively titled “More of Malta’s illegal aliens headed to U.S.,” Ann Corcoran wrote:

    Illegal immigrant Africans break into Malta and then are magically transformed into “refugees” after surely fabricating a persecution story, and we resettle them in America.   It is maddening!  When are we going to send some of our illegals to Malta?  Afterall, these are economic migrants just as those who enter the US from Mexico are and do not deserve the label “refugee.”

    No, Ann, they are not “magically transformed into refugees.” UNHCR is not blasé in determining who is a refugee and who is not. Far from it, actually. I know several people, relatives of close close friends, who should have been granted refugee status but were not.

    Here is the whole article from the Times of Malta yesterday.  It is short and every bit of it is interesting so I couldn’t figure out what to cut out.    We have been writing about Malta for nearly two years.   It was a former Bush Administration US Ambassador, I call her ‘Tea Party Molly‘ (this was before Tea Party acquired a more significant meaning), who came up with this brilliant idea of relieving the illegal alien problem for Malta by bringing them here!

    A group of 13 refugees from Somalia, Eritrea and Sudan leave Malta tomorrow to begin a new life in the United States.

    Last I checked, Somalia was a failed state in the seventeenth year of a ruinous armed conflict, Sudan had an oppressive central government and an armed conflict, and Eritrea had the kind of government that routinely makes journalists and political critics “disappear” permanently.  

    So many asylum seekers end up in Malta becasue Malta is the southernmost state in Europe (and the EU), close enough to North Africa that more asylum-seeking boatpeople make it there alive than to Italy or Greece.

    Since the US Embassy began its permanent refugee resettlement programme in May 2008, over 250 refugees have been resettled in the US.

    Over 250 refugees!? That’s so many. Until you remember that the US is a country of 300 million people. Moving on.

    The programme is a collaborative partnership among the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the International Office of Migration (IOM), the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and a number of local non-governmental organisations.

    Far from being known for its generous and trustingapproach to refugee resettlement, DHS is widely regarded as being overly strict, often to the point of cruelty.

    Let me make one thing clear: no one gives refugees the benefit of the doubt. Amanda Taub of Wronging Rights, who happens to be a lawyer, was spot-on when she wrote:

    Here in the United States, the law on asylum relief grows more restrictive every year, and refugees are often detained for long periods in areas where they have little access to counsel, making it hard for them to prepare cases that meet those strict standards.

    Refugees who make it to the developed world are treated like pickpockets: uppity schemers who reached out and grabbed relief instead of waiting humbly for someone to offer it to them.
    Back to the Malta article now.

    Charge d’Affairs Jason Davis said the refugee resettlement program showed America’s continuing commitment to help ease the burden that migration placed on Malta, as well as its recognition of the enormous challenges and dangers that many of the migrants faced.

    For those of you doubting or unfamiliar with said dangers, I suggest you watch this Current TV documentary on Somali asylum seekers trying to reach Yemen by sea. It’s gruesome.

    “The programme’s success is a tribute to continued hard work on the part of UNHCR, IOM, and the US government, as well as many others here in Malta who have dedicated themselves to improving the lives of refugees in need of humanitarian assistance,” Mr Davis said.

    He added that all refugees were assigned a sponsor agency in the US that provided initial services such as housing, food, and clothing, as well as referral to medical care, employment services, and other support services during the transition period to self-sufficiency. These services were provided to facilitate refugees with the process of integration and cultural assimilation.  [What a joke, they will live in slums, unemployed and on welfare.   There will be virtually no cultural assimilation encouraged! -Ann Corcoran]

    Ann knows so little about refugee resettlement, and her ignorance shows. The complexities of refugee unemployment have already been covered on this blog, and housing will be the subject of a lengthy post I am currently writing. Moreover, on the issue of integration (yes, Ann, that’s the word we use now) resettlement agencies actively encourage integration and participation in refugees’ adopted communities through several federal and state programs, and would do so more intensively and effectively if those programs were not so shamefully underfunded. Nevertheless, countless volunteers and unpaid, overworked interns promote integration through everything from  ESL classes to refugee children’s summer camps to intercultural pot-luck dinners in towns and cities across the country. Sometimes goofy and always imperfect, these measures nonetheless do help refugees become part of the communities in which they are resettled.

    It’s despicable that Ann encourages discrimination against and ill treatment of refugees and asylees by peddling grossly inaccurate information about resettlement.

    May 25, 2009

    Refugee Girls And Resettlement

    Afghan refugee girls in Pakistan (photo credit: Josh Estey/CARE)

    Afghan refugee girls in Pakistan (photo credit: Josh Estey/CARE)

    The Women’s Refugee Commission just came out with a new report on refugee girls titled “Refugee Girls: The Invisible faces of War”[pdf]. Here’s what the report had to say about refugee girls and the third country resettlement process (emphasis mine):

    • Resettlement in a third country, usually located in the West, may offer the greatest hope and security to many refugee girls. However, girls seeking resettlement also face obstacles. Only for the smallest handful of refugees is permanent resettlement a realistic option. Less than one percent of all refugees are resettled annually.
    • Even if an individual woman or girl has a strong claim that should entitle her to resettlement, her claim can be overridden or superseded by a husband’s or father’s claim or through procedures that determine asylum status for an entire group.
    • Countries also often impose conditions in resettlement decisions that girls and women are less likely to meet.Some countries favor claimants with certain socioeconomic profiles and select refugees for resettlement based in whole or in part on their labor skills, their self-sufficiency or integration potential. Women and girls tend to fare especially poorly when such criteria are applied in resettlement decisions.
    • Within the past decade, the United Nations and over a half dozen countries have come to recognize that resettlement may be the only realistic option for protecting girls and women and ensuring their long-term well-being. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees has established a “Women at Risk Program,” which aims to identify refugee women and girls who are at extreme risk and to fast track their resettlement in one of seven developed countries that have agreed to implement the program. Thus far, however, the annual quotas agreed to by each participating country are met only rarely.
    • Girls who resettle often thrive, becoming fully integrated into their new country, gaining an education and employment, and often acting as liaison between older members of the family and the community.

    According to the UNHCR, just 7 percent of all third country resettlement submissions worldwide were based on women-at-risk criterion in 2008.

    Sahar Adish, an Afghan refugee resettled in the US with her family and now a pre-med at the University of Virginia, is an example of the drive and talent that refugee girls bring to this country.

    At the 2007 kickoff of the IRC’s 75th anniversary celebration, Sahar, now 21, gave a moving speech:

    May 25, 2009

    Know Your Terms: II

    Anchor cases – Previously resettled refugees may co-sponsor an individual refugee or family of refugees with a resettlement agency. Refugees resettled in this way are called “anchor cases.” Often a relative or friend will agree to take some or all of the responsibility for arranging housing, providing food and clothing, and meeting other basic needs of the new arrivals. However, this can quickly become an overwhelming responsibility, particularly if the co-sponsors are themselves recent arrivals. Volunteers are often needed to assist with various needs that may arise. In practice, most resettlement field offices evaluate the anchor’s ability to provide for the new arrival/s and move in to fill gaps. Money saved in anchor cases is used to cover extra or unforeseen expenses in free cases –for example, higher rent for wheelchair accessible housing or baby supplies for a pregnant or new parent refugee. Money not spent on one case is always spent on another, and never, ever –let me repeat that, never, ever goes to resettlement workers in the form of pay bonuses, a ridiculous myth perpetuated by the anti-refugee crowd.

    Free cases – refugees with no known family members already in the United States. Free cases make up the bulk of refugees resettled in the US every year.

    Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) – a visa granted to nationals of Iraq and Afghanistan who worked directly with the US Armed Forces as  translators or interpreters for at least 12 months and are threatened because of their current or previous association with the US military. SIVs may immigrate with their spouses and any unmarried children under age 21. SIVs are eligible for the same resettlement services as refugees coming through normal processes. US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has committed to issues 5,000 SIV every fiscal year between 2008 and 2012.

    May 25, 2009

    Refugees Mentoring Refugees

    No one knows what it’s like to be a refugee better than a refugee. And no one is better poised to assist new arrivals with the tricky aspects of resettlement that just can’t be covered by resettlement agencies.

    Most resettlement field offices have mentorship programs that pair refugees up with long-time residents/citizens, but field offices should also actively encourage and reward refugee-to-refugee mentorship.

    This somewhat old story from the Albany Times Union highlights the benefits of refugees helping each other navigate life in the United States:

    For the refugees on Delaware Avenue in Albany, their fledgling neighborhood is active and thriving. From Asia, Africa and the Middle East, the neighbors are overcoming major obstacles and creating a community where they welcome, help and support one another. They’ve escaped from countries where their lives were in danger or living conditions intolerable and found themselves on a busy street where they don’t speak the language, have a job or know even one neighbor.

    Mu Mu strives to change that. After living her entire life in Thailand refugee camps, she arrived in Albany with her husband and son 11 months ago. Her brother was already here. Five months later Mu Mu gave birth to a daughter.

    Mu Mu is 22 with a sweet, round face and a gentle manner. She lived with her family in a one-room house made of bamboo and leaves, attended school and learned rudimentary English in the refugee camps.

    Now, she visits refugees in her neighborhood as soon as they arrive from Thailand, Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran and the Democratic Republic of Congo. She tells them not to be afraid, to be patient. She offers to help them with everything from enrolling in English classes to finding a bicycle for their children.

    In her apartment on this hot summer night, her guests brows glisten with sweat. Like Mu Mu, they’re all Burmese, specifically, members of the Karen ethnic minority from the country whose military leaders renamed Myanmar.

    And, like Mu Mu, their parents fled the violence and found refuge in camps across the border in Thailand. With the help of the United Nations and then the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, they were resettled in Albany.

    Mu Mu is kind of like the welcoming committee, says Joseph Genovese, an airline pilot from East Greenbush who helps the refugees as a volunteer. Shes very savvy and understands the system.

    [...]

    Mu Mu works at Albany Medical Center Hospital, serving food to patients, cleaning their rooms and pushing them to the door in their wheelchairs when they go home. Her brother works in the kitchen of the neighborhood Vietnamese restaurant.

    Mu Mu and her neighbors visit one another, eat dinner together and take their children swimming at Lincoln Park. When one of her pregnant neighbors had to see a doctor, she took her on the bus to St. Peters Hospital.

    [...]

    You’ve got to remember, Genovese says, the reason they were in refugee camps is because they feared for their lives. There’s a sense of safety and security here for them.

    But also, they’re all friends. They know each others kids, each others situations. They watch out for each other. If somebody needs something, they make sure they get it. What they’ve done is create a support network for themselves. They’ve created a neighborhood.

    A few ways to encourage the invaluable work Mu Mu and others like her are doing:

    1) Ask mentors what skills members of their community are lacking and would like to learn, then hold a “train the trainers” day on whatever that is. Voila! Now you’ve passed valuable knowledge on to trusted community leaders who will in turn pass it on to the people they see and interact with every day.

    2) Request mentors’ feedback on cultural orientations and resettlement services for refugees from their community. What do people find most useful? What is being left out? What is misunderstood? What do people complain about?

    3) Offer free bus passes to very active mentors. Most refugees have to watch every dollar they spend, so this is a bigger deal than you would think.

    May 24, 2009

    Tennessee Refugee And Immigrant Coalition Wins Award

    The Tennessee Immigrant and Refugee Rights Coalition won the E Pluribus Unum Award (and $50,000) from the Migration Policy Institute for its “Welcoming Tennessee” initiative, which brought together Somali and Latino communities to foster constructive dialogue on immigration and integration in the state.

    From the Shelby Times-Gazette:

    TIRRC launched its Welcoming Tennessee Initiative (WTI) in 2006, and began to focus on Shelbyville in last year, beginning with a billboard campaign, followed by several events held by the organization in conjunction with local groups such as El Centro Latino.

    Events in Shelbyville included a presentation by members of the Hispanic and Somali communities along with information about WTI; a citizenship clinic; a “unity and understanding” rally held at the Fly Arts Building with the Bedford County Chapter of Statewide Organizing for Justice; and another recent gathering involving the Somali community.

    The Initiative was launched in 2006 “to foster constructive public dialogue on immigration within the state.”

    “The Welcoming Tennessee Initiative stands out as a positive, creative way to have a constructive, mutually enriching dialogue between the native-born members of the state and its newest members — with the goal of creating stronger, more vibrant communities for everyone,” said MPI Senior Vice President Michael Fix, co-director of the National Center on Immigrant Integration Policy. “And it is serving as a model for community leaders in other new destination states.”

    According to TIRRC’s Executive Director Stephen Fotopulos, “The impact of the Welcoming Tennessee Initiative is clear: Members of communities receiving immigrants are more likely to respond to the challenges of immigration with empathy rather than distrust or fear, decision-makers are given the political room to pursue proactive policies, and immigrants feel welcomed and encouraged to participate and contribute.”

    That’s what I like to hear! Congratulations, TIRRC.

    May 23, 2009

    Helping Refugees Through Rights Education

    By definition, refugees come from places where human rights are grossly violated, where due process is  non-existent in law, practice, or both, and where discrimination against members of particular ethnic, religious or political groups is a matter of course.

    While the United States may have serious human rights problems of its own, law enforcement doesn’t abuse and persecute with total impunity. With the right help, and a little luck, you can defend your rights, at least more often than not. Yet, it’s difficult to convince refugees of this.

    KNOW YOUR RIGHTS! Encountering law enforcement, even under benign circumstances, can be frightening for refugees, and espeicaly so for those who do not speak English. Simple measures can be taken to reassure and empower refugees.

    KNOW YOUR RIGHTS! Encountering law enforcement, even under benign circumstances, can be frightening for refugees, and especially so for those who do not speak English. Cards like this one from CHIRLA empower and reassure.

    Once, during a civil rights/civil liberties workshop, a refugee client asked me what happens when someone is charged with a crime and she or he cannot afford a lawyer. As simply as I could, I tried to explain the concept of a public defender.

    The refugees laughed and shook their heads. The man who had asked the question said that, surely, any lawyer appointed and paid by the state would serve the state’s interests. I said that wasn’t so, even though I understood why he would think that. A few workshop participants were convinced, and marveled at this novel and seemingly illogical idea. Others kept on chuckling and shaking their heads. Later, I heard from one of the participants that my “public defender” idea had become something of a running joke among the unconvinced.

    Win some, lose some. The cynicism of many refugees is a sad reminder of the kind of treatment that caused them to become refugees in the first place.

    Photo credit: Hawa Kane, USCRI Albany facebook group

    Photo credit: Hawa Kane, USCRI Albany facebook group

    My most successful workshops were  those that dealt with housing and non-discrimination. Participants were genuinely empowered by learning what their landlords owed them as tenants, and how the law protected them from discrimination based on their membership in a protected category. For most of my workshop participants, this was the first time someone had ever told them  they had to be treated fairly, and that there were people and organizations that would ensure that their rights were upheld. The local housing rights defense organization, which my office and I in particular worked closely with, became extremely well-regarded among the local refugee communities. Immediately after I ran the first set of housing workshops, refugees began coming to me with requests for assistance dealing with discriminatory treatment. Others told me about how they resolved problems on their own, using their improved understanding of what they were entitled to. These clients could hardly contain their delight at being able to assert their rights and see tangible, positive results.

    You don’t need to be a lawyer to run rights education workshops. All you really need is a high-school-civics-level understanding of the protections afforded by the Bill of Rights and a decent grasp of applicable federal, state and local laws.

    If you are  a resettlement worker or  volunteer interested in becoming a rights educator for your local refugee resettlement office, you should check out the Know Your Rights series from the ACLU.

    As of right now, it has been translated into Spanish, French, Arabic, Hindi, Urdu, Farsi, Somali, and Punjabi.

    (BLEG: I’d love Karen, Burmese and Nepali translations, but alas, those have yet to be published. If you are fluent in one of these languages, you could always volunteer to translate.)

    For more helpful publications, check the website of your state attorney general or local human rights commission.

    Here’s the Tenant’s Rights Guide for New York State [pdf].

    For those of you working in NYC, the NYC Commission on Human Rights’ website is chock full o’ rights education materials.

    Some links:

    Guidelines: Gender Identity Discrimination

    Discrimination Report

    NYCCHR Info Booklet

    Fair Housing: It’s The Law

    Equal Access: It’s The Law

    May 22, 2009

    Know Your Key Terms

    I was going to write a post defining key terms, but a quick Google search showed me that Human Rights Education Associates’ refugees and displaced persons page already had most of what I needed, and I’m a firm believer in not re-inventing the wheel.

    Refugee - someone who has left her or his country or is unable to return to it owing to a well founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of particular social group or political opinion.

    Asylum seeker/Asylee – someone who has fled from her or his country and is seeking refugee status in another country. [Today, some countries consider asylum claims of individuals seeking asylum because of specifically gender-based persecution.]

    Internally displaced person – someone who has left her or his home in fear of persecution, but has not crossed an international border.

    Immigrant – someone who has entered a new country to settle. [All refugees are immigrants, but not all immigrants are refugees.]

    Economic migrant – someone who has left her or his home to look for better work and a higher standard of living in another place.

    Refoulement – where an asylum seeker or refugee is forcibly returned to the country from which they have fled. Refoulment is not permitted under international law.

    Repatriation – people can return their home country voluntary. If they are forced to go against their will, this is known as “forced repatriation” and is the same as refoulement.

    Non-Refoulement – a principle in international law, specifically refugee law, that concerns the protection of refugees from being returned to places where their lives or freedoms could be threatened. Unlike political asylum, which applies to those who can prove a well-grounded fear of persecution based on membership in a social group or class of persons, non-refoulement refers to the generic repatriation of people, generally refugees into war zones and other disaster areas.

    May 22, 2009

    Urge President Obama To Strengthen Resettlement

    Image: Chadian refugee camp, by mknobil

    Image: Chadian refugee camp, by mknobil

    War and displacement go on regardless of the condition of the global economy. At this crucial time, as the resettlement program faces its worst crisis in decades, take a minute to remind our government just how important refugee resettlement is.

    Sign this letter asking President Obama to strengthen the resettlement program in the United States.

    May 20, 2009

    Eliminate The Refugee Healthy Marriage Program

    wedding rings

    There, I said it. I’d like to see RHMP gone.

    For those of you unfamiliar with it, the Refugee Healthy Marriage Program was adapted from a federal program to promote “healthy marriages” (i.e. traditional, heterosexual marriages only) among poor and minority Americans. RHMP is now funded to the tune of four million dollars (which is not a lot of money, but could still be better allocated) through the Office of Refugee Resettlement. In my experience, having been to many RHMP events, they are time and money wasters. The program is condescending and paternalistic. Refugees are often justifiably offended by it.

    That is not to say that refugees never struggle in their relationships. They certainly do, especially when family roles are reversed during resettlement (when parents end up relying on their English-speaking children, for example), but there are ways to address these issues under other programs.

    And, frankly, there are other areas of resettlement far, far more critical to refugee welfare that are shamefully underfunded. Health –physical and mental– is one. Education is another. (More on both of those soon, I promise.)

    It should come as a surprise to no one that RHMP was a creation of the Bush Administration.

    May 20, 2009

    Why I Will Respond To Anti-Refugee Bloggers

    picture credit: wcc-coe.org

    picture credit: wcc-coe.org

    A few months ago, I was at an academic conference on the Iraqi refugee crisis and one of the presenters raised the subject of the blog Refugee Resettlement Watch (RRW). RRW is an anti-resettlement site run by two anti-immigrant activists, Ann Corcoran and Judith Warner. Neither has ever directly worked with refugees, or for a resettlement agency of any kind, yet, this duo has cornered a niche market within the larger anti-immigrant movement: anti-refugee activism. At the conference I attended, the speaker who brought up RRW also raised a question that employees of the resettlement field office I worked at were divided on: should resettlement workers and other advocates for refugees attempt to counter the disinformation peddled by the stridently xenophobic bloggers at RRW?

    For a while, I wasn’t sure what the best course of action was. Moreover, as someone directly connected to a resettlement agency, I felt like my hands were tied. I did not want to risk upsetting the head office or getting the organization in trouble for something I wrote in an unofficial capacity.

    At the same time, I became increasingly convinced that someone needed to address the RRW problem, for the simple reason that RRW is the fourth site that comes up in your search results when you Google “refugee resettlement.” Needless to say, thousands of people curious about refugees and the resettlement process read about these first on RRW, a site that links directly to well-known racist hate sites like VDARE and Debbie Schlussel’s blog, and on which refugees are described as terrorists, gamers of the immigration system, drains on the economy, and criminals.

    I am not currently a resettlement worker, and what I write here I write in a personal capacity, as someone committed to the welfare of refugees and pro-refugee reform of the U.S. resettlement program.

    So, from time to time, I will use this blog to answer posts on RRW that I find especially bigoted, inaccurate, or provably untrue. Some may feel that I am giving more attention to Ann Corcoran and Judy Warner, and they would be right. But that is not the point. RRW already gets a great deal of attention, and ignoring that fact won’t make it go away. If I can steer people seeking answers in a different direction, I think the extra hits on the RRW wordpress stats page will be worth it.